Презентация по английскому языку на тему "согласование времен" (9 класс)

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  “Direct and
  indirect (reported ) Speech
  
  

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  Direct Speech
  She says, "I phone my friends every day".
  
  
  Reported Speech
  She says (that) she phones her friends every day.
  

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  При переводе из прямой речи в косвенную в первую очередь следует обращать внимание на грамматическое время глагола в главном предложении.
  (She says…/ She said…)
  
  

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  Если глагол, вводящий косвенную речь, стоит в одном из настоящих или будущих времен, грамматическое время глагола в косвенной речи не меняется.
  
  

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  Direct Speech
  Не says, "I can't remember where I have put the tickets. (Present Simple)
  
  Reported Speech
  Не says (that) he can't remember where he has put the tickets."
  (Present Simple)
  

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  Если глагол, вводящий косвенную речь, стоит в одном из прошедших времен, глагол в придаточном предложении косвенной речи употребляется обязательно в одном из прошедших времен. При этом соблюдается правило согласования времен.
  
  
  
  
  

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  Правило согласования времен
  не действует в следующих случаях:
  1) Если сказуемое в придаточном предложении выражает общеизвестное положение или факт:
  The teacher told the children that the Earth is round. – Учитель сказал детям, что земля круглая.
  
  

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  Все личные и притяжательные местоимения изменяются по смыслу.
  Direct Speech
  Bob said, “I am learning Spanish.”
  
  Reported Speech
  Bob said (that) he was learning Spanish.
  

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  Direct Speech
  He said, "I don't like to watch cartoons.”
  
  Reported Speech
  He said (that) he didn’t like to watch cartoons.
  
  

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  Direct Speech
  Mary said, “I will do it after my arrival”. (Future Simple)
  
  Reported Speech
  Mary said (that) she would do it after her arrival”.
  (Future-in-the-Past Simple)
  
  

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  Direct Speech
  Sam said, “He didn’t get on with his stepma”. (Past Simple)
  
  Reported Speech
  Sam said (that) he hadn’t got on with his stepma. (Past Perfect)
  
  
  

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  Direct Speech
  The grandfather says to Mary, “What mark did you get at school?”
  (вопросительное предложение)
  
  Reported Speech
  The grandfather asks Mary what mark she had got at school.
  
  
  

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  Direct Speech
  The teacher said to the pupils, "Don't open your books.“ (просьба / приказ)
  
  Reported Speech
  The teacher told the pupils not to open your books.“
  
  

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  Direct Speech
  The manager says to Mike: “Does your father work at a factory?”
  
  Reported Speech
  The manager asks Mike if his father works at a factory.
  
  
  

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  Direct Speech
  Kate said to her grandmother, "Help me to cook the soup, please!“
  
  Reported Speech
  Kate asked her grandmother to help her to cook the soup.
  
  

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  Direct Speech
  Tom said to the boys, “Who has tickets for “Hamlet”? (Present Simple)
  
  Reported Speech
  Tom asked the boys who had tickets for “Hamlet”. (Past Simple)
  
  

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  4. При переводе прямой речи в косвенную меняются также слова, обозначающие место и время действия.
  
  

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  Direct Speech
  She said, "I left Natalie a message an hour ago”.
  
  Reported Speech
  She said (that) she had left Natalie a message an hour before”.
  
  
  
  

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  Direct Speech
  The teacher said, "Did you read an English book last year?“
  
  Reported Speech
  The teacher asked me if I had read an English book the year before?“
  
  

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  The boyfriend said, “Take this book, please”.
  
  Reported Speech
  The boyfriend asked her girl to take that book.
  
  Direct Speech
  

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  5. Если в предложении содержатся модальные глаголы, то они подвергаются изменениям при переводе прямой речи в косвенную в случае, если глагол в главном предложении употреблен в прошедшем времени и если данный модальный глагол имеет форму прошедшего времени.
  
  

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  Direct Speech
  Ann: "I can't skate."
  
  Reported Speech
  Ann says (that) she can't skate.
  Ann said (that) she couldn't skate.
  
  
  

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  Direct Speech
  The teacher said, “You ought to be very serious about your homework.
  
  Reported Speech
  The teacher said to me (that) I ought to be very serious about my homework.
  
  
  
  

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  Запомни!
  
  Глагол must заменяется в косвенной речи глаголом had, только когда must выражает необходимость совершения действия в силу определенных обстоятельств.
  

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  1. Direct Speech
  My mother said, “You must consult a doctor”.
  
  Reported Speech
  My mother said (that) I must consult a doctor.
  
  

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  2. Direct Speech
  She said, "I must send him a telegram at once."
  
  Reported Speech
  She said (that) she had to send him a telegram at once.