Министерство
образования и молодежной политики
Свердловской
области
ГАПОУ СО
«Ревдинский многопрофильный техникум»
Сборник практикумов по
учебной дисциплине «Иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности»
для
студентов группы 304-св/17 Сварщик (ручной и частично механизированной
сварки (наплавки)
Преподаватель:
Петрова Анастасия Константиновна
Ревда
Содержание
Пояснительная записка. 3
Практикум №1. Welding. 4
Практикум №2. Where do welders work?. 6
Практикум №3. From the History of Welding. 9
Практикум №4. Introduction to Welding Processes &
Equipment. Terms 11
Данный
сборник практикумов по учебной дисциплине «Иностранный язык в профессиональной
деятельности» предназначен для студентов группы 304-св/17 Сварщик
(ручной и частично механизированной сварки (наплавки) с целью знакомства с
новыми темами, их закрепления и контроля полученных знаний с использованием
электронного обучения, и дистанционных образовательных технологий.
Каждый
практикум содержит практические задания с инструкцией.
Exercise 1. Read and
write down new words and phrases.
|
welding
|
сварка
|
ironworker
|
слесарь
|
|
welder
|
сварщик
|
boilermaker
|
котельщик
|
|
welds
|
сварочные швы
|
carpenter
|
плотник
|
|
repair
|
ремонт
|
maintenance
|
обслуживание
|
|
repair shop
|
мастерская
|
shipyard
|
верфь
|
|
manufacturer
|
производство
|
contractor
|
подрядчик
|
|
eyesight
|
зрение
|
to bend
|
сгибать
|
|
manual dexterity
|
ловкость рук
|
to stoop
|
наклоняться
|
|
equipment
|
оборудование
|
to fuse
|
плавить
|
|
welding machine operator
|
оператор сварочного аппарата
|
testing laboratory technician
|
техник испытательной лаборатории
|
|
welding technician
|
техник по сварке
|
to set up
|
настраивать
|
Exercise 2. Translate the
text into Russian.
Welding
is a skill used by many trades: ironworkers, diesel mechanics, boilermakers,
carpenters, repair and maintenance personnel. A variety of welding processes
are used to join units of metal. As a welder, you may work for shipyards,
manufacturers, contractors, firms requiring maintenance mechanics, and repair
shops.
Welders
need good eyesight, manual dexterity and hand-eye coordination. They should
also be able to concentrate for long periods of time on very detailed work, as
well as be in good enough physical shape to bend and stoop, often holding
awkward positions for long periods of time. Welders work in a variety of
environments, both indoors and out, using heat to fuse pieces of metal.
Skilled
welders often select and set up the welding equipment, execute the weld, and
then examine the welds in order to make sure they meet the specifications. They
may also be trained to work in a variety of materials, such as plastic,
titanium or aluminum. Most of the welders’ jobs cannot be easily automated.
Because of the increased need for highly skilled welders, those with
appropriate education will have a much better chance of getting the position
they desire. There are also different professional specialties and levels, such
as welder, welding machine operator, welding technician, testing laboratory
technician, welding instructor, welding engineer.
Exercise 3.
Continue the sentences.
1.
A
variety of welding processes are used to…
2.
Welders need good eyesight…
3.
They
should be in good enough physical shape to…
4.
Welders
work using heat to…
5.
Skilled
welders often select and set up…
6.
Most
of the welders' jobs cannot be…
7.
Those
with appropriate education will have…
Exercise 4.
Answer the questions.
1.
What
trades is welding used by?
2.
Where
may you work as a welder?
3.
What
should welders be able to concentrate on?
4.
What
environments do welders work in?
5.
What
do welders do with welds?
6.
What
materials may welders be trained to work with?
7.
What
professions are there in the sphere of welding?
Практикум №2. Where do
welders work?
Exercise 1. Read and
write down new words and phrases.
|
space vehicles
|
космические
аппараты
|
construction
|
строительство
|
|
oil drilling
rigs
|
нефтяные
буровые установки
|
to extend
|
расширить
|
|
pollution
control devices
|
устройства
контроля загрязнения
|
machinery
manufacturers
|
машиностроительное
производство
|
|
material
handling equipment
|
погрузочно-разгрузочное
оборудование
|
food-processing
machinery
|
оборудование для
пищевой промышленности
|
|
papermaking and
printing equipment
|
бумагоделательное
и печатное оборудование
|
electrical
machinery
|
электрическое
оборудование
|
|
mining industry
|
горнодобывающая
промышленность
|
oil extraction industry
|
нефтедобывающая
промышленность
|
|
gas extraction
industry
|
газодобывающая
промышленность
|
metal industry
|
металлургическая
промышленность
|
|
steel mills
|
сталелитейные
заводы
|
smelting plants
|
плавильные
заводы
|
|
iron foundries
|
чугунолитейные
заводы
|
scrap yards
|
склады
лома
|
|
wholesale
establishment
|
заведение
оптовой торговли
|
retail establishment
|
заведение
розничной торговли
|
Exercise 2. Translate the
text into Russian.
Welding
is the most efficient way to join metals permanently. It is the only way of
joining two or more pieces of metal to make them act as a single piece. Welding
ranks high among industrial processes. There are many ways to make a weld and
many different kinds of welds.
Nearly
everything we use in our daily life is welded or made by equipment that is
welded. Welders help build space vehicles and millions of other products
ranging from oil drilling rigs to automobiles. In construction, welders are
extending subways, building bridges, and helping to improve the environment by
building pollution control devices. Welders are employed in many industry
groups. Machinery manufacturers are responsible for agricultural, construction,
and mining machinery. They are also involved in bulldozers, cranes, material
handling equipment, food-processing machinery, papermaking and printing
equipment, textiles, and office machinery.
A
small group of welders belongs to the group of repair services. This includes
maintenance and repair on automobiles or refers to the welding performed on
industrial and electrical machinery to repair worn parts. The mining, oil
extraction, and gas extraction industries form yet another group. Welders are
also employed in the primary metals industries to include steel mills, iron
foundries and smelting plants. Yet another group involves wholesale and retail
establishments. These would include auto and agricultural equipment
dealerships, metal service centers, and scrap yards.
Exercise 3. True or False
1.
Welding is the most futile way to join metals permanently.
2.
Welding is the only way of joining two or more pieces of metal to make them act
as a single piece.
3.
Welders help build space vehicles.
4.
Welders cannot be employed in many industry groups.
5.
Welders are involved in food-processing machinery.
6.
Welders are helping to improve the environment.
7.
Papermaking and printing equipment building do not require the work of welders.
8. All
welding processes are similar.
9. The
smallest group of welders belongs to the group of repair services.
10.
Welders are required in oil extraction industries.
Exercise 4. Continue the
Sentences.
1.
Welding ranks...
2.
Nearly everything we use in our daily life...
3. In
construction, welders...
4.
Machinery manufacturers are responsible...
5.
Welders are also employed in the primary...
6.
Repair services include...
7.
Wholesale and retail establishments would include...
Exercise 5. Answer the
Questions.
1.
What industries can welders be employed in according to the text?
2.
What equipment do welders help build according to the text?
Практикум №3. From the
History of Welding
Exercise 1. Read and
write down new words and phrases.
|
armourer
|
оружейник
|
friction welding
|
сварка трением
|
|
cast iron
|
чугун
|
power plant
|
электростанция
|
|
iron
|
железо
|
diffusion
bonding
|
диффузная сварка
|
|
to restrict
|
ограничить
|
spot joining
|
точечное
соединение
|
|
to fasten
|
крепить
|
seam joining
|
шовное
соединение
|
|
bolt
|
болт
|
butt welding
|
стыковая сварка
|
|
rivet
|
заклепка
|
joining bars and
rods
|
соединение
прутков и стержней
|
|
chain
|
цепь
|
gasshielded
process
|
газоэкранированный
процесс
|
|
to spur
|
стимулировать
|
electron-beam
welding
|
электронно-лучевая
сварка
|
|
improvement
|
улучшение
|
ultrasonic
joining
|
ультразвуковая
сварка
|
Exercise 2. Translate the
text into Russian.
Welding is a technique used for joining metallic parts
usually through the application of heat. Arab armourers at Damascus, Syria
developed welded blades in the first millennium AD.
In modern times, the improvement in iron-making techniques,
especially the introduction of cast iron, restricted welding to the blacksmith
and the jeweler. Other joining techniques, such as fastening by bolts or
rivets, were widely applied to new products, from bridges and railway engines
to kitchen utensils.
Modern fusion welding processes are a result of the need to
obtain a continuous joint on large steel plates. Gas welding, arc welding, and
resistance welding all appeared at the end of the 19th century. These welding
techniques employed then are still used.
The main improvements since then have been in equipment and
safety. Arc welding was not universally used until World War II, when need for
rapid means of construction for shipping, power plants, transportation, and
structures spurred the necessary development work.
Resistance welding, invented in 1877, was accepted long
before arc welding for spot and seam joining of sheet. Butt welding for chain
making and joining bars and rods was developed during the 1920s. In 1948 a new
gasshielded process utilized a wire electrode that was consumed in the weld.
More recently, electron-beam welding, laser welding, and several solid phase
processes such as diffusion bonding, friction welding, and ultrasonic joining
have been developed.
Exercise 3. True or
False.
1.
Welding originated from the attempts to shape metal into useful forms.
2.
Only heat is used for joining metallic parts in welding.
3.
Welding is the only technique of joining metallic parts.
4.
Resistance welding is one of the earliest types of joining metals.
5. Arc
welding was not used after World War II.
7.
Diffusion bonding and friction welding are solid-phase processes.
Exercise 4. Answer the
questions.
1.
What is welding?
2. Who
were the first welders?
3. Did
the improvement in iron-making techniques conduce to the development of
welding?
4.
When did gas, arc and resistance welding appear?
5.
What are the years 1877, and 1948 remarkable for in terms of welding?
Exercise 5. Translate
from Russian into English
1.
Арабских оружейников можно считать первыми сварщиками.
2.
Впервые сварка стала использоваться в массовом производстве во время первой
мировой войны.
3.
Вторая мировая война ускорила внедрение электродуговой сварки.
4.
Помимо сварки, клепка и болтовые соединения являются основными методами
соединения металлов.
5.
Совсем недавно были разработаны электронно-лучевая сварка, лазерная сварка и
несколько твердофазных процессов, таких как диффузионное соединение, сварка
трением и ультразвуковое соединение.
Практикум №4. Introduction
to Welding Processes & Equipment. Terms
Exercise 1. Read and
write down new words and phrases.
|
soldering
|
пайка; пайка мягким
(легкоплавким) припоем
|
|
tinning
|
лужение; облуживание
|
|
leading
|
свинцевание
|
|
brazing
|
1) пайка твердым припоем (из меди
и цинка)
2) покрытие медью
|
|
welding
process
|
сварочный
процесс
|
welding
equipment
|
сварочное
оборудование
|
|
shield
|
щит,
защита
|
dissimilar
materials
|
разнородные
материалы
|
|
solder
|
припой,
спайка
|
lead-tin alloy
|
свинцово-оловянный
сплав
|
|
to take up space
|
занять
место
|
filler metal
|
присадочный
материал
|
|
cutting
|
резка
|
filler rod
|
присадочный
стержень
|
|
to vaporize
|
испарять
|
oxidizing
|
окисление
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercise 2. Translate the
text into Russian.
Among
the first things a new welder needs to understand, is what the different kinds
of welding processes and equipment are, and their application.
Soldering is a bonding by
melting a soft metal to the surface of pieces to be joined. Low temperature.
Good for joining dissimilar materials. Most common solders are lead-tin
alloys.
Tinning is a soldering
process, where the metal surface is coated with solder.
Leading is a form of
soldering, solder is used to fill in the surface of metal.
Brazing is similar to
soldering, but uses a higher temperature to fuse the filler metal to the work
pieces. Stronger bond. Work heated to pre-melt temperatures.
Welding is joining two
similar work pieces by melting them together, usually with an additional filler
rod of some sort to take up space. Materials must be similar.
Cutting is the process
when work is heated to melting point and beyond, and "cut" by
oxidizing metal (literally burning it away).
Shield is a barrier to
keep oxygen away from heated work to prevent oxidizing. Includes chemical
coatings called flux (liquids, pastes, solids, which may be vaporized into a
barrier gas when heated), and inert gasses. Oxidation of the surfaces will
prevent proper bonding of the metals.
Exercise 3. Read and
write down new words and phrases.
|
propane
torch
|
пропановая
горелка
|
to sweat
|
припаивать
|
|
oxyacetylene
torch
|
оксиацетиленовая
горелка
|
shrinking
|
усадка
|
|
flame thrower
|
огнемёт
|
forming
|
формовка
|
Exercise 4. Translate the
text into Russian.
Gas Welding
Gas
welding uses flame from burning gas to create welding heat.
Propane torch (soldering,
heating) is good for sweating pipes, starting fires, and spending hours trying
to heat frozen bolts, while the surrounding metal gets just as hot.
Oxyacetylene torch (cutting,
welding, brazing, soldering, leading) is the most universal and useful welding
tool. It uses Acetylene gas and Oxygen for flame. With the right bits, rod, and
technique, you can weld almost anything. Good for cutting anything, brazing (a
sort of hard soldering process) welding plate, welding sheet metal, welding
aluminum, heating frozen bolts, or alternately cutting them off, drilling holes
in plate, welding cast iron, shrinking and forming steel, and can double as a
flame thrower in a pinch.
Drawbacks
are overheating of some types of work, harder to control quality of some
processes.
Oxy-propane (soldering,
brazing, heating) is a cheap compromise between low cost and portable propane,
and Oxy-Acetylene. Better than the former, not as good as the latter.
Exercise 5. Read and
write down new words and phrases.
|
AC (alternating
current) arc welding
|
дуговая сварка
переменным током
|
|
DC (direct
current) arc welding
|
дуговая сварка
постоянным током
|
|
MIG (metal inert
gas welding)
|
сварка
металлическим электродом в инертном газе
|
|
TIG (tungsten
inert gas welding )
|
дуговая сварка
вольфрамовым электродом в среде инертного газа
|
|
gauge
|
лист
|
carbon arc torch
|
угольная горелка
|
|
stock
|
заготовка
|
spool of wire
|
катушка
проволоки
|
|
to braze
|
паять
|
high frequency
|
высокочастотный
|
|
distortion
|
искажение
|
steel rod
|
стальной
стержень
|
|
heat buildup
|
теплообразование
|
spot welding
|
точечная сварка
|
Exercise 6. Translate the
text into Russian.
Arc
welding uses an electric arc to create welding heat.
Basic AC & DC arc
welders
(AC is cheaper) use flux coated steel (or other) rods of various types for
different jobs. It makes some of the best welds on heavy gauge steels and cast
iron. Cutting rods can make clean holes through thick stock. Very difficult to
weld thin metals with arc welding. You can also get a carbon arc torch to use
on an arc welder to braze.
MIG (Metal Inert Gas). A DC arc welding process,
which uses filler metal, fed in the form of a spool of thin wire, shielded by
flow of inert gas (Helium, Argon) instead of flux. Very fast, easy, with less
heat buildup. Very good for sheet metal, due to minimal heat distortion. Harder
to weld thick stock, as welds are weaker. It can also be used for Aluminum with
Argon as the shield gas.
TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas). A high frequency
AC arc process, which uses a tungsten electrode shielded by an inert gas to
create a fine, controllable torch. Capable of welding very thin metals, so it
is the best process for Aluminum, Stainless steel, and other exotic stuff.
Resistance welding includes spot
welding and uses the heat generated by electricity flowing through work to
fuse. An old favorite for assembling car bodies.
Exercise 7. Match the
terms with the definitions.
|
1. Tinning
|
A. form of soldering, solder is used to fill in the surface
of metal.
|
|
2. Leading
|
B. process when work is heated to melting point and beyond,
and "cut" by oxidizing metal
|
|
3. Cutting
|
C. uses a higher
temperature to fuse the filler metal to the work pieces.
|
|
4. Brazing
|
D. barrier to keep oxygen away from heated work to prevent
oxidizing.
|
|
5. Soldering
|
E. soldering process, where the metal surface is coated with
solder.
|
|
6. Shield
|
F. bonding by
melting a soft metal to the surface of pieces to be joined.
|
Reply Form
Exercise 8. Answer the
questions on the text ‘Gas Welding’.
1.
What does gas welding use to create welding
heat?
2.
What is propane torch good for?
3.
What is oxyacetylene torch used for?
4.
What does oxyacetylene torch use for flame?
5.
What is a compromise between low cost and portable propane, and Oxy-Acetylene?
Exercise 9. Write a
transcript to these abbreviations.
1. AC
stands for...
2. DC
stands for...
3. MIG
stands for...
4. TIG
stands for...
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