Министерство образования Пензенской области
Государственное бюджетное образовательное
учреждение
среднего профессионального образования
Пензенской области
« Каменский колледж промышленных технологий и
предпринимательства»
Учебно-методическое пособие по английскому языку
для студентов экономических специальностей СПО
Каменка 2012
«Учебно-методическое
пособие по английскому языку для студентов экономических специальностей СПО»
Каменка, 2012 22 стр.
Согласовано:
Председатель цикловой
комиссии
общих гуманитарных
дисциплин
_________________
Балашова Т.И.
Протокол №____ от
___________
Составитель : Тормина
И.В. , преподаватель немецкого и английского языков
1 квалификационной
категории ГБОУ СПО ККПТП
Данное
учебно-методическое пособие составлено для студентов экономических
специальностей и является дополнительным источником изучения и
закрепления спецлексики. Пособие содержит глоссарии к каждому
юниту, а также лексико- грамматические упражнения в виде тестов.
Пособие
имеет чёткую структуру и состоит из 10 юнитов. После изучения данного материала
студентам предлагаются контрольные тесты для проверки усвоенных знаний. Данный
материал можно использовать при составлении графиков, диаграмм, творческих
работ. Упражнения и задания пособия позволяют активизировать
мыслительную деятельность студентов, способствуют развитию навыков
систематизации и обобщения изученного материала.
Содержание
1.
Пояснительная записка
4
2.
Учебно-методическое
пособие 5
3.
Контрольные тесты
17
4.
Литература
22
Пояснительная записка.
Данное пособие составлено в соответствии с рабочей программой по
дисциплине
«Английский язык» и календарно-тематическим планом. Оно
предназначено
для изучения английского языка для студентов по специальности: «Экономика и
бухгалтерский учет » и является дополнительным источником специальной лексики
по следующим темам: «Экономическая теория», «Спрос и предложение»,
«Экономические системы», «Денежная и налоговая политика государства»,
«Инфляция. Безработица», «Экономические циклы» и др. Пособие имеет четкую
организационную структуру: состоит из 10 уроков, каждый из которых включает основные
экономические тезисы по темам учебника, активную лексику, упражнения и задания
в виде проверочных тестов.
Большое внимание уделяется упражнениям по изучению специальной лексики и экономической
терминологии, что поможет студентам, в будущем экономистам , по специальности
работать со специальной литературой, пользоваться Интернет-ресурсами и
овладеть английским языком в областях экономики.
Пособие рассчитано на изучение английского языка студентами 2х и 3х курсов учреждений
среднего профессионального образования .
LESSON I ( Unit 1-2)
1 The science of economics studies business, production, trade,
inflation, unemployment and the decisions that we, governments and companies
take every day.
2 While microeconomics studies how companies and households run their
business, macroeconomics looks at the economy of a country as a whole.
3 Economic resources include both material things such as raw
materials, housing and others, as well as non-material things, for example,
time.
4 Every day we make many decisions and each is a trade-off between
different resources.
5 Economists collect data and on the basis of this data they create
economic models.
6 Economic models show relationships between different processes in the
economy.
7 Adam Smith, 'the father of modern economics', considered that a
nation's wealth depended on its ability to produce goods.
1 Economists test theories using empirical evidence. It is evidence
that can be collected and measured.
2 This theory deals with factors such as inflation, taxes, salaries and
unemployment.
3 Governments, companies and academics use econometrics to make correct
decisions, find out relationships between variables, etc.
4 Some variables are considered over a period of time. Such analysis is
called time-series.
5 According to the law of demand as the price for the good rises, the
demand for it falls.
6 Price elasticity, the price/demand relationship, helps to set prices
at the correct level in the given market for a particular time.
7 Some other factors apart from price affect demand, and that causes a
shift in the demand curve.
Ex 1. Fill the gaps with the following words:
to study, use, since, efficient, deals with, equipment,
resources
Economics (1) the problems of scarcity and choice that have faced
societies and nations throughout history, but the development of modern
economics began in 17th century. (2) the time economics have
developed methods for studying and explaining how individuals, businesses and
nations (3) their available economic (4). Large corporations use economists (5)
the ways they do business and to suggest methods for making more (6) use of
their employees, (7), factories and other resources.
Ex 2. Translate into English and mach with English
equivalents:
1.
Проблемы дефицита
2.
Делать выбор
3.
Тратить деньги
налогоплательщика
4.
Ни общество, ни каждый из
его членов
5.
Государственные ресурсы
6.
Удовлетворить потребности
7.
Сталкиваться с проблемой
дефицита
8.
Производители
9.
Доступные экономические
ресурсы
10.
Товары и услуги
a)
neither individuals, not society
b) is faced with the problem of scarcity
c)
to satisfy
d) scarcity problem
e)
to make choice
f)
available economic resources
g) nation resources
h) business
i)
to spend taxpayer’s money
j)
goods and services
Ex 3. Match with English and Russian equivalents:
1.
entrepreneurship
2.
wildlife and timber resources
3.
goods and services
4.
output
5.
macroeconomics
6.
economic system
7.
to consume
8.
to produce
9.
factors of productions
10. to allocate
a)
макроэкономика
b) живая природа и древесина
c)
предпринимательство
d) товары и услуги
e)
размещать
f)
факторы производства
g) экономическая система
h) производить
i)
выпуск продукции
j)
потреблять
LESSON II (Unit
3-4)
1 To make a higher profit the seller has to raise his price and reduce
his production costs.
2 In the market economy companies have to compete with each other for a
share of the market.
3 Today, in our lives and in the economy, money, coins, banknotes and
credit cards playa very important role.
4 In the traditional economy people hunted and gathered and had no
property. Land was shared by the whole tribe. Division of labour first appeared
here.
5 Any economic system has its benefits and drawbacks. The biggest
drawback of the traditional economy is the fact that people consume almost
everything they produce.
6 The market economy is not controlled by a government. Competition,
which helps to control prices and quality, exists in a free market.
7 A truly free market economy cannot exist as all governments control
the economy to some extent by setting limits.
1 In the market economy supply and demand decide everything; its direct
opposite is the planned economy.
2 In a planned economy a government decides what is produced, how much
is produced and how and at what price it is sold.
3 In the world there is no perfect economic system. Market economies
have their strengths, but they also have drawbacks. In planned economies
governments can make sure that everyone can afford basic commodities.
4 Planned economies have problems with supply as it is difficult to
calculate how much to produce and how high a demand to expect. People have to
hoard different goods and shortages of goods become common.
5 In many countries privately-owned businesses exist alongside
state-run industries, which need protection from free market competition for
their development.
6 Deregulation leads to increased competition and the influence of
market forces.
7 Governments may put limits on free enterprise by banning trade in
various goods, preventing monopolies and protecting consumers and the
environment.
Ex 1. Complete the sentences with the following words:
prices, products, services, wages, consumers,
employers, profits
1.
Workers are paid ____ by ____
according to how skilled they are.
2.
They spend their ____ on the ____
and ____ they need.
3.
Firms producing these ____ will
make more ____.
4.
In a market economy ____ decide
what is to be produced.
5.
____ will be willing to pay high ____
for products they particularly desire.
Ex 2. Choose the right variants:
1.
Market economics is also called:
a)
command;
b)
private;
c)
mixed.
2.
Mixed economics contains:
a)
market economics only;
b)
planned economics only;
c)
both market and planned economics.
3.
____ does not allow people to make
decisions in business.
a)
free market;
b)
command economy;
c)
mixed economy.
4.
All economics in the world are:
a)
planned;
b)
mixed;
c)
market.
5.
In a mixed economy the government:
a)
refuse private sectors;
b)
cooperate with private sectors;
c)
control private sectors.
LESSON III ( Unit 5-6)
1 If you have a great deal of money and want to buy something, you
always face a budget constraint.
2 The utility of a bundle depends on the utility of each good and its
quantity.
3 Marginal utility is that of consumption of an additional item of the
good.
4 Costs are money spent to manufacture goods or provide services. For
example, rent, interest on loans, cost of electricity and raw materials.
5 Fixed costs change neither in the short term nor with increases in
production.
6 Variable costs change with the size of production. An example of such
costs is the quantity of raw materials needed for production of the goods.
7 An economy of scale is a situation in which variable costs rise much
more slowly than the size of production.
1 Market structure is connected with competition. It affects the price.
2 A market of perfect competition has a number of features. There must
be many competing companies, supplying one and the same good or providing one
and the same service; all customers and companies must have complete
information on the market; there must not be any barriers to new companies
entering the market.
3 If we speak about a market of perfect competition, it is important
that all companies should have access to technology and resources.
4 In a market of perfect competition there are many companies, but none
of them are able to control prices.
5 In a monopoly the market share of one of the companies is so great
that the rest are not able to compete.
6 As a rule, monopolies are not good for consumers as they are
price-makers.
7 Besides natural monopolies, some monopolies can be created in more aggressive
ways by takeovers of other companies.
Ex 1. Choose the correct word of phrase:
1.
If you are in a hurry, it can be
difficult to make a maximum / rational decision.
2.
The amount of money you have to
spend is your budget constraint / deciding factor.
3.
The maximum / rational
speed limit on this road is 120 kilometers per hour.
4.
Quality is often the deciding
factor / budget constraint when people choose something to buy.
5.
Some people calculate / assume
how much they spend every week.
6.
Green is a combination / an
alternative of yellow and blue.
7.
When you buy something from a
shop, you make a purchase / budget constraint.
8.
When you calculate / assume
something is true, you guess that it is true.
9.
The use or satisfaction you get
from something you buy is called utility / purchase.
10. Olive oil is a healthy alternative / combination
to butter.
Ex 2. Decide whether these statements are true or
false:
1.
Market structure describes how
competitive a market is. T/F
2.
Perfect competition and pure
monopoly are opposites. T/F
3.
Four conditions are necessary for
perfect competition to exist. T/F
4.
In perfect competition, every
company makes a slightly different product. T/F
5.
Perfect competition makes it easy
for new companies to start trading. T/F
6.
When there is perfect competition,
companies are able to set any price they want. T/F
LESSON IV (Unit
7-8)
1 The market where employers buy workers' service for wages is called
the labour market.
2 Increased output is the utility which employers get from their
purchase of labour.
3 All markets, including the labour market, obey the laws of supply and
demand.
4 The labour demand curve may shift to the right and to the left. If,
for example, the demand increases as a result of increased production, or
decreases thanks to any new technology which can replace workers.
5 One of the trade-offs we have to make in our lives is to find the
right balance between work time and leisure time.
6 Natural limits such as sleep and rest bring down the possible number
of working hours. We need some time to switch off from work, which also
decreases working time.
7 If the hourly rate increases, people want to work longer hours. This
is called the substitution effect. But the effect also has a limit.
1 The factors of production are required to produce goods. These are
land, labour and capital.
2 Land as a factor of production includes everything that nature
provides and which may be used for production.
3 An educated, skilled and fit workforce is more productive; that is
why education and healthcare play an important role in the economy.
4 Capital includes factories, warehouses, equipment, tools and
computers; everything that is used in the manufacturing process.
5 At present industry is becoming more capital intensive and less
labour intensive.
6 Division of labour and specialization make the manufacturing process
more efficient and productive.
7 Workers perform their operations automatically. This speeds up the
productivity of the labour force and improves the quality of their work.
Ex 1. Fill the gaps with the following words:
“return or reward”, nature, rent, include, each,
factors of production
The resources that go into the creation of goods and services are
called the (1). The factors of production include natural resources, human
resources, capital and entrepreneurship. (2) factor of production has a place
in the economic system, and each has a particular function. People who own or
use a factor of production are expecting a (3).
Natural resources are the things provided by (4) that go into the creation
of goods and services. They (5) such things as minerals, wildlife and timber
resources. Economists also use the term “land” when they speak of natural
resources as a factor of production. The price paid for the use of land is
called (6). Rent becomes income to workers, who own their labor.
Ex 2. Complete each sentence with a word or phrase
from the box:
automatically, child rearing, dye, emotional,
fundamental, means, mindless, sew, sloppy, specialization, rake pride in
1.
____ of transport are the methods
we use to get from one place to another.
2.
____ work is a work that is not
very good quality.
3.
To make clothes you have to know
how to ____ the material together.
4.
Having a ____ means that you deal
with one particular area of any field.
5.
You may visit a doctor if you have
problems with your ____ health.
6.
Competition is ____ to the idea of
the free market.
7.
People who ____ their work do it
very carefully and enjoy the results.
8.
Mothers and fathers both have
important roles to play in ____.
9.
Some people regard factory work as
a ____ job but it isn’t necessarily boring.
10. When you do something ____, you do it without
thinking.
11. When manufacturers ____ clothes, they add color.
LESSON V (Unit 9 -10)
1 The market price is a reward for the efforts of the producer.
2 If the price on the market is lower than expected, the buyer will get
a bargain.
3 Surplus measures the utility that the consumer gains from his
purchase, or the profit that the producer makes.
4 The difference between the price that consumers are prepared to pay
and the price that they really pay is called consumer surplus; it is a very
important economic concept.
6 Companies make use of many pricing tricks which help them to increase
their profits. Prices can be set higher or lower than the market price;
sometimes companies use price discrimination.
7 Auctions are becoming very popular, for example, on the Internet. In
an auction all participants make bids, and the highest wins.
1 Though many economic laws, formulas, theories and concepts often seem
far removed from everyday life, economic policies affect the life of society,
families and individuals. Welfare economics considers issues of equity or
fairness.
2 Economists examine how income and wealth are distributed among the
population. And equity is realized through taxation.
3 According to those economists who share the concept of welfare
economics, any economic system is unfair.
4 Governments receive revenues from different sources with taxation as
the main one.
5 Through taxation governments achieve different goals. They decrease
the income gap between the rich and the poor, they discourage people from
consuming harmful products and they control overall supply and demand.
6 Most taxation revenues go on public goods which include national defense,
street lighting, healthcare, education and others.
7 The effects which economic activities have on people are called
externalities. These may be positive or negative. For example, industries can
do harm to the environment.
LESSON VI (Unit
11)
1 Wealth can include valuable belongings, money, gold, stocks and
shares, works of art, land, property and precious jewels.
2 Besides a salary or an unemployment benefit, there are other sources
of income. For example, interest from savings in a bank or rent from property.
3 The distribution of wealth in many countries has remained practically
without change for many years. A large share of the wealth is concentrated in
the hands of a small groизученного материалаup of the population. Inequality is difficult to eradicate.
4 The Lorenz curve shows the relationship between income and
population, in other words it represents how income is distributed in the
market economy. The extent of the inequalities in income distribution can be
judged from the curve.
5 Poverty is a global problem. Though it is mainly associated with
developing countries, to some extent it also exists in developed countries.
6 When we speak about absolute poverty, we mean the people who live
below the poverty line.
7 People on a low income spend all the money they have on daily
necessities. They cannot save.
Ex 1. Complete each sentence with a word or phrase
from the box:
absolute, associate, average, corruption, cycle,
define, generation, natural disasters, shelter, trap
1.
We ____ high crime rates with
poverty and unemployment.
2.
Having a ____, a roof over your
head, is a basic need of humankind.
3.
How does the dictionary ____ this
word?
4.
Floods, droughts, hurricanes and
other ____ are happening more frequently.
5.
Giving money secretly to judges or
politicians so that they help you is an example of ____.
6.
Hunters will sometimes set a ____
instead of using a gun.
7.
Let’s hope the next ____ finally
put an end to hunger and poverty.
8.
The world’s water supply is a ____
which involves the sea, rainfall and rivers.
9.
If somebody lives in ____ poverty,
that means they are completely without money to buy basic necessities.
10. The ____ salary at that company is very high.
LESSON VII (Unit
13)
1. Before the use of money, which is taken
for granted by people today, the basic system of payment was swapping or
bartering.
2. The first commodity money was metal,
salt and other valuable commodities. Such money lacked liquidity, that is the
ability to circulate freely, but it stored value.
3. Fiat money does not have any intrinsic
value, but only represents value.
4. If you save money, you may put it in a
box under your bed, which is unsafe and unreasonable, or you may put it in a
bank account. The money in an account earns interest.
5. The main service which any bank
provides to its customers is lending money. Banks are the most reliable
lenders.
6. If a client defaults on a loan, the
bank uses interest to cover the losses. Though most clients pay back their
loans, interest server as a form of security.
7. A banks' clients can make withdrawals
at any time, as any bank keeps some percentage of the savings received from its
clients as the reserve.
CONTROL TESTS.
Task 1
1.
What does everyone do during his
life?
a.
buys only
b.
makes choice
2.
Every society is faced with the
problem
a.
of natural resources
b.
scarcity
3.
The central economic problem is
finding
a.
the way to produce goods
b.
the way to solve the problem of
scarcity
4.
Market economics is called
a.
command
b.
free
5.
Most economics in the world are
a.
private
b.
public
6.
Planned economics has
a.
advantages only
b.
advantages and disadvantages
7.
In a true planned economy
government
a.
doesn’t play a great role
b.
plays a great role
8.
In a true market economy
government
a.
plays no role
b.
plays a great role
9.
Consumers decide what is to be
produced in a true
a.
market economy
b.
planned economy
10.
High competition is the sample of
a.
planned economy
b.
market economy
11.
The UK is a country with
a.
private economy
b.
mixed economy
12.
Russia is a country of
a.
mixed economy
b.
planned economy
13.
“Wage” is
a.
the earning paid for and hour or
unit of production
b.
the earning paid weekly or monthly
14.
Wealth is
a.
money you own
b.
value of the things you own
15.
Inflation that pose few
difficulties
a.
mild inflation
b.
hyperinflation
16.
Inflation leads to
a.
rise of power of money
b.
to a fall of power of money
17.
Prosperity is
a.
extended period of high employment
b.
period of unemployment
18.
Boom is
a.
a peak of economy
b.
a bottom of economy
19.
Business reduce their spending
levels during
a.
expansion
b.
contraction
20.
After a period of recession
a.
contraction follows
b.
expansion follows
21.
Import is goods
a.
buying from other countries
b.
selling abroad
22.
A tax on imported goods is
a.
tariff
b.
quota
23.
Protectionist measures
a.
raise the price of import
b.
reduce the price of import
24.
WTO an EFTA regulate
a.
political relationships
b.
economic relationships
25.
Advertising is the information
about
a.
goods and services
b.
human resources
Task 2
1.
society.
A производство
2.
scarcity
B служащий
3.
incomes C
инфляция издержек
4.
advertising D
управление
5.
profit E
частная собственность
6.
wealth F товары
и услуги
7.
consume G
благосостояние
8.
produce H
рыночная экономика
9.
private
ownership I личная собственность
10.
personal
property J потреблять
11.
production K
плановая экономика
12.
employer E
работодатель
13.
employee M
экономическая система
14.
investment N
банковские счета
15.
market
economy O инфляция
16.
planned
economy P прибыль
17.
mixed
economy Q инфляция
18.
economic
system R производить
19.
savings
S товары и услуги
20.
bank
accounts T инвестиция
21.
inflation
U общество
22.
demand- pull inflation
V продажа
23.
cost- push
inflation W дефицит
24.
sales
X доходы
25.
goods and services Y
реклама
26.
management Z инфляция
спроса
Task 3
|
1. Shareholder
2. current account
3. bank activity
4. profit
5. legal tender
6. cash
7. certified check
8. to lend money
9. securities
10. investment
11. domestic market
12. delivery
13. competitor
14. jobber
15. consumer
16. vendor
17. wholesaler
18. manufacturer
19. distributor
20. management
21. personnel manager
22. decision making
23. objectives
|
a)
потребитель
b)
прибыль
c)
ценные бумаги
d)
управление
e)
акционер
f)
цели
g)
суживать деньги
h)
текущий счет
i)
внутренний рынок
j)
оптовик
k)
доставка
l)
биржевой спекулянт
m)
продавец
n)
принятие решений
o)
деятельность банка
p)
наличные
q)
инвестиции
r)
конкурент
s)
распределение
t)
производитель
u)
законное платежное
средство
v)
удостоверенный чек
w)
менеджер по кадрам
|
Task 4
1)
People who operate the bank:
a)
shareholders
b)
Board of Directors
2)
People who own bank deposits:
a)
stockholders
b)
clerical workers
3)
Bank divides profits between:
a)
clerical staff
b)
shareholders
4)
“Legal tender” means:
a)
money guaranteed by a government
b)
type of currency
5)
Traveler’s cheques are:
a)
not negotiable everywhere
b)
negotiable everywhere
6)
A person who grants money:
a)
a borrower
b)
a lender
7)
A “Loan” means:
a)
a sum of money borrowed
b)
sum of money given to somebody
8)
The most common form of the bank
investment are:
a)
government bonds
b)
government securities
9)
Bank funds belong to the:
a)
depositors
b)
bank workers
10)
Bank lends money:
a)
to help people
b)
to make profit
11)
Selling abroad create:
a)
extra problems
b)
no problems
12)
The principal stock exchange in
new York is known as:
a)
Wall Street
b)
Fifth avenue
13)
Jobbers are:
a)
agents between brokers and public
b)
agents between brokers and bank
14)
The British Stock Exchange was
founded in:
a)
1873
b)
1773
15)
Index numbers indicate:
a)
changes in the price of shares
b)
changes in the price of goods and
services
16)
Marketing directs the flow of
goods and services:
a)
from consumer to producer
b)
from producer to consumer
17)
“Consumer” is a person:
a)
who produces
b)
who buys
18)
“Vendor” is a person:
a)
who sells
b)
who produces
19)
The main function of marketing is:
a)
to sell product
b)
to buy product
20)
The four main elements of
marketing are called:
a)
The Four P’s
b)
The Four M’s
21)
Most companies establish price:
a)
above market
b)
with market
22)
Management considers from:
a)
one point of view
b)
two points of view
23)
Top manager’s task is:
a)
decision making
b)
making profit
24)
There are:
a)
five levels of management
b)
three levels of management
25)
Careers includes:
a)
three business fields
b)
five business fields
Литература
1.
И.П. Агабекян. Английский
для менеджеров. Ростов-на-Дону. “Феникс”, 2001, 409 с.
2.
Л. Раицкая, С. Кохрейн. Guide to Economics. MacMillan, 2008, 133 с.
3.
Англо-русский словарь
экономический словарь.
4.
Oxford Student’s Dictionary of
Current English, A.S. Hornby. 2003, 767 c.
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