Лексико-грамматический тест по теме Окружающая среда

Name _________________________________________________________________________ Mark ______________

Date _________________________________________________________________________ Teacher _____________

I.A. Read the paragraphs below and match them with the threat they refer to:

1.“ Environmental racism is inequitable distribution of environmental hazards based on race. The Federal Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry considers lead poisoning to be the number one environmental health problem for children in the United States. Some 4 million children – many of whom are African American, Latino and Native American- have dangerously high lead levels in their bodies. This lead is absorbed from contaminated drinking water and soil polluted by industrial effluents and automobile exhaust.” 2.“Every year humans kill about 100 million sharks, skates and rays, about half of them caught as unwanted “by-catch” while fishing for other species. Sharks are particularly sensitive to overfishing because they grow slowly, mature late and have few young each generation. As top predators, sharks play a crucial role in the health of the ocean ecosystems and their extermination could lead to major ecological changes in the ocean”. 3.“ In February 2002, a huge section of the Larsen B Ice Shelf along The Antarctic Peninsula coast suddenly disintegrated into thousands of icebergs. The total volume of ice released was the equivalent to 29 trillion bags of party ice. Climatologists  warn that this dramatic collapse could be a signal of global climate change and an omen of catastrophic events to come.” 4.“ A 1 percent loss of ozone results in a 2 percent increase in UV rays reaching the earth’s surface and could result in about a million extra human skin cancers per year worldwide.” 5.“ Every second, on average, four or five children are born somewhere on the earth. I that same second, two other people die. This difference between births and deaths means a net gain of roughly 2.5 more humans per second in the world population. This means we are adding 9,000 per hour, 217,000 per day, or about 79 million  more people per year.” 6.“ Sulfur dioxide and sulphuric acid released by industry causes massive destruction of the vegetation. Rains then wash away the exposed soil, leaving a barren moonscape.” 7.“Pollution from factory pipes has been vastly reduced but erosion from farm fields, construction sites, airborne mercury, sulphur and other substances are increasingly contaminating lakes and wetlands.” 8.“ Worldwide, we lost between 9 million and 12 million ha of forest per year from 1990 to 2000. Clear-cutting and burning especially in order to get pasture and cropland have turned many forests into a dry, barren ground”. 9.“ How does the air taste, feel, smell, and look in your neighbourhood? Chances are that wherever you live, the air is contaminated to some degree. Smoke, dust, corrosive gases and toxic compounds are present nearly everywhere.” Environmental Science − A Global Concern

·Animal extinction ·Acid rain ·Air pollution ·Overpopulation ·Water pollution ·Deforestation ·Ozone Depletion ·Global warming  ·Toxic waste

B. Read the following text carefully:

     The Amazon forest covers five million square kilometers, an area as big as the whole Europe excluding Russia. It contains one third of the world’s trees. However, the trees are disappearing. By 1974, a quarter of the forest had already been cut down. In the following   year, 1975, four per cent of the remaining trees went. If the destruction of the forest continues at the same rate, there will be nothing left in a few years.

      Scientists say that the disappearance of trees is already causing changes in the climate. In Peru, there is less snow than before on the high peaks of the Andes mountains. In Bolivia there is very little rain.

      What will happen if more of the Amazon forest is cut down? According to climatologists if the Amazon forest disappears, there will be less oxygen and it will be difficult for us to breathe, the temperature will rise, the ice-caps at the North and the South poles will melt. Even the sea level will rise. Therefore, seaside cities will be flooded.

     Scientists do not agree about the calculations which can be done in different ways with different results. But all the scientists agree that if we destroy the Amazon forest, it will be an environmental suicide. Life on earth will become difficult, and it may become impossible.

1-Give a title to the text.

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2-Say whether the following statements are true or false:

    a-The Amazon forest is bigger than Europe. ________________

    b-It contains most of the world’s trees. ______________

    c-Deforestation leads to climate change. _______________

    d-If the Amazon forest is destroyed, the coastal towns will be under water. ____________

3-Answer the following questions according to the text:

a- How big is the Amazon forest?

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b- Why is the Amazon forest so important?

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c-       What will happen if it ever disappears?

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4-Match the words with their synonyms:

     1-whole                                a- weather

     2-climate                              b-go up

     3-rise                                    c-result

     4-consequence                     d- complete

5-Find in the text words that are opposite in meaning to:    

-including §1  _____________________               -low §2 __________________________  

 -drop §3   ________________________               -easy §4 _________________________

c

1.Gap-filling

Fill in the gaps in the text below with the words from the table.

acid – change – endangered – environmental – layer –  ozone – polluted – rainforests – reduction – renewable

Friends of the Earth is the world’s largest international network of (1) ………………………………………. Groups represented in 68 countries. In the UK, it was the first organization to campaign to save whales, (2) …………………………………….. species and tropical (3) …………………………………………. . Friends of the Earth also fought against (4) ………………………………………… rain, (5) …………………………………… depletion and climate (6) …………………………………………………. .

The organization’s present campaigns cover many more issues, such as protecting the wildlife and the countryside and cutting air pollution. They promote waste (7) ……………………………………………… and cleaning up of (8) …………………………………………. Rivers. They also campaign for the reduction of traffic levels and the improvement of public transport.

They lobby politicians and political parties to protect the ozone (9) …………………………………………… and control dangerous chemicals.

to control dangerous chemicals. Their objectives also include promoting energy efficiency and (10) …………………………………………….. energy.

2.Matching

Match the words from the two columns to create phrases or collocations.

                                                                          SOLUTIONS:

1.       ozone	A.     waste
2.       nuclear	B.      layer
3.       natural	C.      rain
4.       greenhouse	D.     effect
5.       global	E.      dioxide
6.       dumping	F.       warming
7.       carbon	G.     resources
8.       acid	H.     ground

3.Find words that best complete the sentences. Each line corresponds to one letter. Some letters have already been given.

1.       Car  _ x _ _ _ _ _  emissions are a major source of lead pollution in the atmosphere.

2.       The company is very environmentally friendly: all the products come in
_ _ _ d _ _ _ _ d _ _ _ _  packaging.

3.       Using energy efficiently reduces the emission of  _ _ _ _ _ h _ _ s _  gases.

4.       Oxygen in the atmosphere forms a screen – the ozone layer – which filters the
_ _ _ _ a _ _ _ l _ _  rays of the sun.

5.       The Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident released huge amounts of  r _ d _ _ _ _ _ n  into the environment.

6.       The dinosaurs  _ _ _ d  out 65 million years ago.

     7. _ m _ _ _  is the major cause of air pollution in big cities.

III . writing

Which of the Environmental problems mentioned in exercise A worry you the most. Account for your answer (about 100 words).

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