Практикум по чтению на английском языке

Буквы

Аа      

Аа в открытом слоге = [eI ]

1)     Name, game, cake, lake, plane, crane, date, plate, brave, face, lazy, name, skate, snake, take, able, fable, sable, fate, late, make, behave, mistake, debate

2)     bake          game         Kate        sane       wake      snake

          cane           Jane           late          rake       skate      make

          date            take           mane       take        fate        sane

          fame           pale          name        tale        vane       made

Аа в закрытом слоге = [ æ ]

 

1)    Bag, ant, hand, map, cap, cat, lamp, sack, damp, fan, can, angry, bad, bag, black, can, dad, fat, have, has, hat, man, rabbit, sad, lap, tank, gas, bat, had, mat, sat, began

2)    am       cap      jam       rack      band        fat       

    and      dab      Jack      Sam      can          hand    

    bad      dam     lab        tag         pan         that

a + r (+ согласная ) = [ a: ]

 

1)      Bar, car, star, park, spark, arm, farm, part, hard, cart, chard, nark, large, scarf,

      dark, art,  alarm, apart, army, market, hardly

 

 

2)      arc             cark         hark            mart           arch             tart         

          cart            jar           nark            art              darn             Mark

          dark           par           bar             lard            parch           barb    

          dart           marc        park           bark           far               march      

          bard          marsh        farm           mark          Bart             garb      

          card          garn          pardon        tarn            car               hard      

        harm         arm          carp            hart            nard             army        

         

                                     a + r + гласная = [ eə ] ( перед e буква r  не произносится)

                                 bare             hare              fare            care       

                                 mare            rare              dare            pare

                                 square          share            tare            compare

                                 vary             parents         various       prepar

 

Обобщающие упражнения

 

1)   man – mane             hat – hate

             can – cane                tag – take

          Dan – date                van – vane

          mate – mate             cap – cape  

 

 

 

2)

[ el ]	[ æ ]
bake       cane        date         fame game      hate         Jane        Kate late         lace         lake         lame make      mane      name       pace page       pale        pane         pave rage        rake        sane         shade shake     skate       save         tale  take       vane       wake        face cake       plane      crane        plate	Ann        bad          band         black can          cap          dad          fat flag         hand        had          Jack jam         lamb        land         lack lab          lamp        lap           man mass       mat          pack        pan rag          rat            rack        map sat          tank          tap          van sack       damp         cat          ant

 

3)     Base, arm, jam, fact, face, late, rat, bark, flag, hare, race, sharp, date, black,

     mark, lack, back, hard, dare, save, barn, man, dark, slate, jar, fade, van, gave,

     gaze, arc, can, bake, change, shade, care,  fame, rack, sank, tank, shake, stage, 

         lark, game, square, and, mark, lazy, baby,  garden,  carpet, mare, fare, daring

4)     late              tank           hate            bad             rake 

          Jack            skate          flag             fame           lane     

          Jane            sat             wake           lamp           fat

          lab              cane           cat              date            black

          hand            name         rat              can              shake   

 

  5)    name            sad            tram              arm               park     

    rabbit          star            back              army             animal     

    cat                bag            snake            game             bad      

    lamp             that            family          cabbage        carrot

    hat                black         skate             apple             car        

    cake              jam           take               farm             dark        

    stamp           late            age                happy           sandwich

          fat                 face           flag              dad                hard    

   man               thank        parrot             table            farmer

   paper            party          smart             stand            carry

 

 6) Sharp, cake, cap, jacket, sad, place, jam, angry, tram, snake, skate, brave, arm, game,

    farm, date, park, dark, hand, hard, star, man, make, mark, thank, party, late, hare,

    battle, parrot, smart, age, table, start, share, garden, carrot, compare, carpet, prepare

 

Ee 

Ee в открытом слоге = [ i: ]

 

1)    Pete, he, me, she, be, we, mete, heme, feme, breve, eve

 

 

Ee в закрытом слоге = [ e ]

 

1)    Help, leg, merry, pet, bed, pen, pencil, hen, red, seven, ten, tennis, well  tent, bell, belt, step, web, egg, yes, met, end, letter, seldom, error, express, event, attend

2)  bed     deck     lend      pen      tell       well        beg    

           egg     men      pet        ten       west     bench     get    

           met      red        tent      wet      cent      hen         neck    

           set        text      chess    jest      peck     shed       vex

        

e +r ( + согласная ) = [ 3: ]

 

1)    Her, berth, term, person, perch, derma, herb, chert, service, refer, reserve, observe, infer, eternal, insert, reversal, immerse

2)    erg       verb      kern           pert       germ       hers           per         Serb 

     err        herb      jerk            per        serf         nerve         herd       perch      

     term     serve     person       perk       tern        herm          kern       perm    

 

                                e + r + гласная = [ lə ] ( перед e буква r  не произносится)

                                          here        era          merely

                                          sere        mere         sphere

                                          zero        severe       period

                                   

 

 

 

                                                 Обобщающие упражнения

 

1)       Be – bed         she – shed          he – hen           we – wet           me – met

2)

[ i: ]	[ e ]
be         bee        geese      peep     seen he         been      keel        peel      teem me        beet      keen       reef      weed we        deed     keep       reel       week she       deep      meek      seek      weep Pete      feel      need      seem      sheet	bed           jest         pet beg           lend        shed bench      men         text deck        neck        tent fell           red          vex get            pen         well

 

3 )  he           we          help         Bess         zebra           red          hen          these 

      bed         sere        Pete         well          tennis          men         text         best

      bee         here        leg          mere         seven           egg          check      very

      she          see         yes          Jess          yellow         Rex         chess       get

      her          pen        pet           tree          pencil           neck        letter      merry

4)  Bell, he, hen, text, best, egg, teddy, merry, dress, let, bee, prefer, see, yellow, tree,

    she, left, get, ten, check, here, seven, evening, red, men, help, her, shelf, chess, pencil,

    forget, pen, we, leg, neck, these, letter, tennis, lesson, hero

 

 

Ii

Ii в открытом слоге = [ aI ]

 

1)  Bike, five, fine, I, like, lion, nice, bride, nine, line, pie, smile, pine, pilot, kite, mine,

     tiny, stripe, ride, time, life, invite, define, arrive, provide, final, minus, rifle, sidle

2)  bike      fine    mine     mile   

     dine       hi       like       nine  

     five       kite     life        pine

 

Ii в закрытом слоге = [ I ]

 

1)    Big, fish, his, is, it, its, in, pig, pink, sing, sit, six, skip, slim, stick, swim, think, milk, pin, film, kiss, mill, lip, tin, Jim, begin, differ, distant, since, simple, piston

2)    big         did      ill       king        pig          swim

          bit         film     in        lift          ship        this

          dig        fish      is        mix         six          win

          Dick     his       Jill      pick         skip        zip

i +r ( + согласная ) = [ 3: ]

 

1)  Girl, bird, birch, firm, first, skirt, shirt, dirt, third, sir, dirty

2)         bird        circle       first         girt          first

                 dirt          gird         stir          sir           mirth

                 birth       firm         girl          fir            gird        

                                       i + r +  гласная = [ alə ]  ( перед e буква r  не произносится)

                                           dire        iron         wire   

                                          hire        shire        mire   

                                          fire         virus       pirate

Обобщающие упражнения

1)  bit – bite         is – hi            sit – site

in – nine         it – fine         win – wine

    2)

[ al ]	[ l ]
bike        dine       five        fine       hi ice          kite        like        life        line Mike      mile       mine      nice      pine ride        rife        rime       ripe       rise rite         rive        site        side      time shine     nine       mite       vine      wine	big        bid        bill         dig          dim fix        fill         film        fin          gift hill       him        lift          list         milk nit        pig         pink       pitch       pit ship      six         swim      sit           skip Jim      will        wing      wish       witch

 

3)    tiger             sister            ice            big             I  

       Mike            slim              skip          silk            mix     

       ride              white            bird          shirt           like             

       swim            sing              film          stick          nine         

       little            fine                in             fish            pilot    

       hi                six                 fix             sit              is       

       milk            this                pink          his             crocodile

       pin              pig                 five          driver         girl

 

4)  I, hi, is, in, ice, size, big, his, girl, like, pig, dire, smile, wish, bird, six, slim, skip, swim, fish, bike, sing, film, hide, iron, drink, silk, mix, pin, fix, sit, stick, nine, five, milk, time, winter, this, little, hire, fine, tiger, sister, spring, ride, white, finger, shirt, stick, pilot, shire, driver, crocodile, pink, write, pirate, bite, nice, polite, dinner, fire  

Oo

                                 Oo в открытом слоге =        

1) No, bone, stone, nose, rose, rope, Rome, home, go, toe, hope, zone, pole, note, open,

    total, ago, remote, expose

2)   bone    nose         go           dole 

      no        close        hose        rose  

      so         home       lone        sole

 

Oo в закрытом слоге =

 

1)    Box, clock, cockerel, forest, frog, long, not, strong, dog, doll, pond, fox, pot, spot, stop, plot, drop, hollow, on, off, offer, follow, upon, involve, dissolve, adopt

2)    box            got            lost              soft

          dock          hop           moss            song 

          dog            job            not              Tom

          doll            lot            pond            rock

          fog             log            pot              from

          fox             loss           sock            vox

 

o + r ( + согласная ) =

 

      1)  Horse, port, fork, for, sport, shorts, short, corn, horn, or, sort, form, order,

           former, disorder, border, orbit, inform, absorb, afford, report, import

2)     ford         nor           dork           forge          norm         cork

             fork         north        cord           form           porch        corn

             cork         fort          pork           corf            forth          port

             horn         sort          corpse        lord            sort           tort

             lorn          torch        dorm         morn           torn          mort

 

                                         o + r + гласная  =       ( перед e буква r  не произносится)

                                      bore         pore          more

                                           core          sore          store

                                           gore          tore          shore

                                           forum       torus        boring

 

 

 

 

Обобщающие упражнения

 

1)      box – bone          doll – dole          got – gole

 dog – close         from – nose

    2)

bone          home bole           hose close          lone nose           rose  go             doge     so              no stone         Rome old             cold

bog          drop          box      bosh      fog         dog  lock        pond         cod       gob       song       hot long         spot          cog        god      loss         job con          gong        lost        rot        rock        doll cop          hob          lot          sob       cost        jog hock        mob        sock        cot        hot        volt mock     soft           dock       hop        moss     nock

 

   3 )  not         horse          frog       long       pore          strong        hockey    

          shop       short          on          or           go             store          doctor  

          for          from          chore     box        song          no              sock    

          nose       joke           stop       close      bored        rose            morning

          corn       dog            fox        clock      sport         home          more

 

4)  Not, fox, home, song, nose, or, chore, hockey, before, dog, from, box, strong, bored,

    on, more, alone, corn, for, form, long, short, sock, home, rose, sport, bottle, frog, shop, 

    no, wrong, close, doctor, joke, shore, horse, clock, shorts, ago, stop, go, coffee, hope

 

Uu

Uu в открытом слоге = [ ju: ], [ u: ]

U

                                   [ ju: ]                                               [ u: ] (после j, l,r)

1)         music         stupid        tulip                             rule        rude          ruble

            student       pupil          tuba                             luce        lube          Luke

            dune           pupa          computer                     lute         juke          jute

            puce           due            duty                             blue        true          June

 

2)      сue            cube       dune       dupe

         fume          fuse       blue        mute

         nude          June       tube        tune 

Uu в закрытом слоге = [ Λ ]

  1)   But, duck, funny, jump, mum, run, up, cup, mug, bus, sun, jug, nut, punt, cut, sup,  

        hum, hunt, dug , must, pulse, number, hundred, publish, result, begun, entrust, plus

 2)          bug            dust            hush           puck

              but             tun              jug             rug

              cub            gulf             jump          run

              cup            gull             lunch         sun

              duck          gum            mug            tub

             dull            hump           must           tuck

u +r ( + согласная ) = [ 3: ]

 

1)    Nurse, fur, purse, purple, turn, curl, hurt, burnt, surname, church, turtle, furl,  gurgle, burn, hurl, burst, absurd, occur, purpose, surface, burner, turbine                 

2)      bur          lurk         burl         curt

            murk       burl         fur          hurl 

            burn        furl          purple    burst

            burr        gurgle      purr        hurl  

           surd         curb         hurt        surf

           curd         turf         Kurd       furnish

           curl          hurt        Turk        turn

 

                                                u +r + e =               ( перед e буква r  не произносится)

 

cure             lure          mure

 hure             pure        obscure

 during          fury          durable

 

Обобщающие упражнения

1)      cub – cube         mug – mute         tug – tube

 fun – fume         nut – nude           puppy - pupil

    2)

[ ju: ]

[ Λ ]

cue           cube dune        dupe fume        fuse huge        nuke mute        nude puce        pule duty        June

bug          Dutch       mug        bulk           fun           must bump       gulf          puck        bunch        gull          pump bus          gum          rub          but             gun          rug cub          hump        run          cuff           hunt         rush culm       hush          such        cup            hut           sum cut          jug             sun         duck           jump        tub dull         just            tush        dust            luck         ruff

 

3)    run               but               must             up                  funny

       duck             jump            ugly             pupil              puppy

       cube             nut               cup               fun                 luck

       music           butter           student         puzzle            number

       under           hungry         bubble          summer         computer

       surname      much            butterfly       Russia           hundred 

 

4)  Run, duck, cube, nut, number, purple, hundred, but, jump, cure, much, music, excuse,

    computer, superman, use, ugly, jump, butter, during,  under, surname, Thursday, up,

    sunny, cup, student, hungry, discuss, umbrella, funny, lure, pupil, fun, hunter, bubble,

    Russia, study, must, puppy, luck, puzzle, pure, summer, butterfly, uncle

 

Yy

Yy в открытом слоге = [ aI ]

 

1)    Spy, dry, fry, fly, try, cry, nylon, my, type, sky, why, shy, by, July, hype, dyke, rely, apply, supply, reply, imply

2)    dye       dyne      by         bye        tyke

          dyke      my        rye        byte      wye

 

Yy в закрытом слоге  =  [ I ]

 

  Gym, gymnast, nymph, lynch, sylph, myth, gypsy, hymn, mystic, symbol, system    

y+r ( + согласная ) = [ 3: ]

                                Byrd           Kyrgyz        myrtle         myrmidon

 

                                                  y + r + e = [ alə ]  ( перед e буква r  не произносится)

                                                      byre          pyre

                                                      tyre           gyre

                                                      syren         tyrant

y в начале слова = [ j ]

                                          yes             yell             yard

                                          you            yak              yeti

                                          your           yeast           young

                                          yet             yoke            yesterday

 

y в конце слова = [ l ], [ aI ]

                           [ aI ]  ( в глаголах)                                       [ I ]

               occupy         multiply                              Dolly           sunny            twenty

               verify           specify                                icy               dirty              gallery

               rectify          purify                                  ugly             happy           carry

               solidify        testify                                  puppy          hungry          country

Обобщающие упражнения

 

1)      my – myth             bye – lynx 

       by – gym               dyne – nymph 

2)

[ al ]	[ l ]
by           lye            gybe            syne dyne       fyke          syce            wye bye         my            gyle            tyke cycle      dye            dyke           rye	gym              gyp nymph          sylph lynx              myth lymph           lynch

 

  3)  My, fly, dirty, funny, yes, why, try, bye, ugly, you, city, cry, shy, young, puppy, 

       sky, hungry, butterfly, yesterday, myth, Byrd, tyre

 

 

 

Согласные буквы, имеющие два типа чтения

 

  C                         [ s ] – перед  e, i , y

                              [ k ] – перед  a, o, u  и  перед согласными

 

                                       [ s ]                                              [ k ]

             race            nice              mice                cat           cap            can               

             lice             face              ice-cream        cow         cook         cold

             city            cinema          pencil              cup          cut            cub

             bicycle       central          icy                   crane       clever       doctor                 

[ k ]  или  [ s ]

Car, ice, cat, clever, cake, nice, coffee, can, close, doctor, cry, corn, pencil, carrot, face, clock, Alice, cow, celebrate, carpet, crocodile, city, December, once, cyclist, count, cold, centre,  camera, icy, cup, cap, black, lice, care,  cynic, place, exceed, discuss, describe

 

S           [ s ] –  в начале слова, перед и  после глухой согласной

             [ z ] – в конце слова после гласной и звонкой согласной, между гласными

                      

 

1)                               [ s ]                                                         [ z ]

                sit             swim      books                        nose         rise           days

                likes         ask         student                      cars          sings         beds

               same        takes       stone                          his            advise       planes

2)                          [ z ]                                  [ s ]                              [ lz ]

              pens                  trees                      caps                            foxes

              beds                  stars                      clocks                         boxes

              jugs                   doors                    pets                             buses

              dogs                  floors                   streets                          benches

             queens               cars                      maps                            roses

 

3)   Dogs, ants, foxes, pigs, lakes, farms, ponds, woods, cars, planes, bikes, benches,

      cakes, books, sweets, mugs, old films, little chicks, red roses, black tulips, caps,

      cats, flats, plates, pens, desks, clocks, cocks, roses, chicks, lips, bikes, pies, kites

 

4)           [ s ]                         [ z ]                           [ lz ]

        likes                        sings                          kisses

        jumps                      reads                         teaches  

        cooks                      sees                           catches

        looks                       plays                         washes

        sleeps                     runs                           fixes

 

[ s ]   или   [ z ]

        Is, has, sad, this, skip, these, rose, boys, bags, clocks, his, music, nose, puppies,

        goes, pets, seven, birds, jumps, cassette, summer, present, lesson, house, noisy

G                      –  перед    e, i, y  

                  [ g ] –  перед  a, o, u ,  перед согласными  и  в конце слова   

 

                                                                                      [ g ]

             gym        page             gentleman                     green          grey          girl              

            cage        gymnast        sledge                           big              pig            egg

            giant        general         giraffe                          game           good         gull    

                                                                       или   [ g ]

  Good, dog, giraffe, game, tiger, flag, give, grey, cabbage, big, orange, pig, ugly, garden,

  go, girl, frog, green, get, finger, age, egg, angry, hungry, gather, gypsy, gallery, Egypt

 

        X               [ gz ] – перед ударной гласной

                          [ ks ] – в остальных случаях

[ ks ]                                     [ gz ]

                          fix       next          ox                     exam      exist       example

                          box     except       fox                    exert      exact      examination

 

[ ks ]    или  [ gz ]

Six, text, exercise, expect, exact, exist, appendix, sixty, expend, exotic, except, exile, exit, fix, examination, next, box, example

Буквосочетания

 

1) ee – [ i: ] –  see, sheep, sweet, tree, street, green, queen, sleep, feed, free, teem, Greece

 

2) oo        [ u: ] – too, soon, noon, afternoon, zoo, roof, zoom, hoot, stood, droop,

                           food, moon, pool, tool

              [    ] – book, cook, hook, foot, wood, good, goodbye, wool, look, took,

                              soot,  crook

 

3)  ay, ai – [ ei ]                                 [ ei ]

                               ay                                                          ai                             

          day         ray         birthday                           rain           train           Spain                              

          tray        spray      May                                 tail            saint           snail

          hay        stay         pay                                   paint         sail             nail

          stray      nay          play                                 wait          main           maid

4)  oy, oi –                                                          

                                     oy                                                         oi             

                      boy        toy         enjoy                         coin        noise        point 

                      troy       Roy        destroy                      join         spoil        poison

                      joy         cloy       royal                         oil           voice        noise

                      hoy        doyen    oyster                        boil         roil           coil

 

5) ey, ei – [ ei ]                                     [ ei ]  

                                    ey                                                       ei

                  they      drey         obey                          vein          feint         neighbour

                  trey      grey          fey                            neigh        rein          eight

                  prey     convey      heyday                      beige        weigh      weight

 

6) au, aw – [     ]                                  [    ]

                               au                                                          aw    

      author          caught        August                      saw        awful          bawl

      audit            naughty      automat                    caw        dawn          fawn

      auditor         launch        autumn                     haw        draw          gawk

      sauce           fault           daughter                    law         maw           lawn

 

7)  ou –         –  house, blouse, mouse, cloud, count, out, about, pound, shout, south,

                          rout, stout, scout, loud, found, mouth, sound, round, surround, ground

 

8)  ow                    –   how, now, cow, town, brown, down, gown, bow,  jowl, downy, 

                                  cower, clown, power, owl, allow, tower, shower, flower

                              – low, know, slow, Moscow, Glasgow, narrow, sparrow, yellow, 

                                window, blow, flow, show, bowl, grow, row, tow, fellow, snow

9)  ea          [ i: ] –  weak, tea, meat, beak, peak, clean, speak, read, teach, sea, peach,

                               steam, dream, mean, bean, dean

                    [ e ] –  bread, head, lead, stead, dread, death, breath , heavy, healthy, deaf

 

10)  ie, ye – [ al ]                                     [ al ]     

                                             ie                                           ye  

                                tie      die          fie                      rye       bye       dye

                               lie       pie          vie                     lye       stye       dyestuff

 

11)  ie – [ i: ] – niece, brief, believe, chief, piece, sieve, field, achieve, priest, relieve

 

12) oa, oe – [      ]                                   [       ]

                                               oa                                  oe

                         coat     toad     road                     toe         roe         woe

                        load     boat      coast                   foe          doe       woeful

                       soap     throat     boast                  hoe         Joe        roebuck

 

13) ue, ui           [ ju: ] – due, cue, revue, hue, muesli, Tuesday, suit, nuisance, suitable,

                                        suitcase, Duisburg

                           [ u: ] –  blue, true, clue, slue, rueful, fruit, juice, bruit, fruitful

 

14) eu, ew         [  ju: ] – neutral, deuce, feudal, zeugma, neutron, sew, few, mew, 

                                        nephew, newly, stew, dew, screw, pew

                            [ u: ] – blew, drew, Jew, crew, slew, sleuth, Reuben, grew, flew, jewel

 

15) air, eir – [ eə ] – chair, hair, pair, air, laird, dairy, hairy, fair, their, heir, theirs

 

16) eer – [ lə ] – deer, peer, jeer, cheer, beer, veer, sheer, leer, engineer, steer, seer

 

17) ear           [ lə ] – ear, rear, near, fear, sear, spear, dear, clear, beard, tear(слеза), 

                       [ eə ] – bear, bearskin, bearing, pear, tear (рвать), wear

                       [ 3 : ] – learn, earth, dearth, earn, year, early, unearth, heard, earnest

 

18) oar –          –  board, boarder, coarse, hoard, hoarfrost, roar, soar, oar, oarsman

 

19) oor                    – door, floor

                                 –  poor, boor, poorly, moor

 

20) our  –              –  our, flour, hour, sour, lour, ourself

 

21)   ia, io – [ alə ] -  via, diagram, trial, liable, diary, ion, lion, violent, riot, violet

 

22)  o + ld –          – cold, old, told, fold, moldy, bold, hold, sold, wold, golden

 

23)  o +  m, n, th, v – [ Λ ] – son, money, some, love, mother, brother, other, another, 

                                              come, London, front, Monday, month, gloves, above, cover,

                                              among, govern, recover

 

24) ough –         – bought, thought, brought, nought, sought, fought, wrought

 

25)  a + s, n, f  + согласная      

       a + l + m, f, v ( l – немая )           [ a: ]

       a + th

[ a: ] –  grass, last, task, rasp, calm, palm, calf, half, craft, after, bath, father, chance, class, draft, answer, past,   branch, plant, demand, France, ask, path, master

 

26) a + l + согласная  –        –  all, tall, ball, wall, call, small, fall, hall, false, almost,

                                                    install, befall, also, salt, malt, walnut, halt, falter, Malta

 

27)  alk – [     k ] – calk, balk, chalk, talk, walk, stalk, malkin, talkative

 

28)   i +  ld, nd, gn, gh – [ aI ] – child, wild, mild, mind, kind, find, bind, grind, behind,

                                                    sign, design, assignment, alignment, high, sigh, nigh,

                                                    sight, light, night, fight, right, bright                       

29) ar, er, or – [ ə ] –  radar [ eI ], solar [      ], doctor, motor, rotor, driver,  teacher,

                                     farmer, reader, runner, player, painter, speaker,   singer, jumper

 

30) суффикс  ous [ əs ] – famous, various, serious, numerous, curious, enormous

 

31)  sh – [ ∫ ] – she, sheep, dish, fish, shop, English, shelf, brush, shall, shed, shun,

              shunt, shift, shack, stash, flash, wish, shine, shade, shy, share, shore

 

32)  ch – [ t∫ ] – bench, match, chick, chess, lunch, teacher, chocolate, chin, chat,

               chop,  chum,  chill, chip, chuck, chum, check, stitch

!!!  В словах французского происхождения –[ ∫ ] : trencher, douche, machine,

                                                                                        moustache, avalanche

    в  словах греческого и латинского происхождения – [ k ] :

chemist, architect,  chemistry, stomach, school, technical, mechanic, character

 

33)   tch  –  [ t∫ ] – blotch, stretch, batch, scotch, crutch, fetch, ditch, retch, wretch

 

34)  ck  –  [ k ] - cock, cockerel, clock, black, sock, chick, black, Nick, stick, clock,

              sack, sick, pack, shack, hack, brick, pluck, check, beck, neck

35) ph – [ f ] –  photo, phone, phose, phase,  physics, philosophy, telegraph

 

36)  th         [ θ ] – cloth, moth, thin, thick, thank, thing, death, thrust, thief, three

          [ ð ] – that, this, these, those, with, mother, brother, father, weather

 

37)  the         [ ðl ] – the egg, the egg-cup, the arm, the ant

                 [ ðə ] – the jug, the floor, the park, the desk

 

38) ng        [ ŋ ]  –  king, ring, spring, long, strong, wing, stocking, evening, morning,

                               ping-pong, sing a song,

                   [ ŋg ] –  hungry, angry, Bingo, kangaroo, English  

 

39)   nk – [ ŋk ] –  pink, bank, ink, rink, thank, tank, rank, think

 

40)   gh          [ - ]  –   night, light, bright, eight, high, sigh, tight, weight

                      [ g ] – ghost, ghastly, Ghana, gherkin, ghetto, ghoul [ u: ]

                          [ f ] – rough, tough, enough, laugh, toughen

 

41)   sc        [ sk ] – screen, scale, sculpt, scum, screw, scope, scotch, scarlet, scare, scary

                    [ s ] ( перед e, i, y) –  scene, scent, scenic, science, scissors, scientist, scythe 

 

42)  gu – [ g ] – guess, guy, guard, guest, guerilla, guide, guilty, guaranty, guitar

 

43)  qu – [ kw ]  – queen, square, quell, quench, quest, question, quibble,  quick, quite,

                              equal, request, acquire, liquid, squirrel, frequent, acquaint, equip

 

44)  qua – [ kw   ] –  quantity, quantize, quash, quality, squash, quandary, quarrel

  !!! В открытом положении  a [ eI ]: quake, quaker, quaver, aquation, equation

 

45) quar  –  [kw    ] – quarter, quart, quartet, quarterly, quartz, quarto

 

46) dge –        - dodge, bridge, badge, fridge, ridge, abridge, lodge, nudge

 

47) wh          [ w ] – what, why, where, white, when, wheel, wheat, while, whisper

                     [ h ] – who, whose, whole, whom, whodunit, whoop

 

48)  wa, wha –  [ w   ] – want, wash, wasp, watt,  watch, was, wad, what, whatever

 

49)  war, whar –  [ w    ] – war, warm, warp, ward, warn, wardrobe, warship,  wharf

 

50)  wo – [ Λ ] – worry, wonder, won, wonderful, wonderland

 

51)  wor – [ 3: ] – worth, work, worker, worst, word, world, worship, worse, worm

 

52) ci, ti – [ ∫ ] – social, special, facial, logician, patient, essential, potential, nationality

 

53) ture – [ t∫ə ] – culture, lecture, picture, structure, nature, posture, feature, rupture

 

54) tion, ssion [ ∫n ] – action, invitation, celebration, session, remission, permission

 

55)  sion       [ ∫n ] – intension, version, tension, reversion, torsion, revulsion, Russion

                     [    n ] – revision, vision, decision, fusion, plosion, division, television

 

56) sure         [ ∫ə ] – pressure, fissure, censure, tonsure

                       [    ə ] – closure, leisure, pleasure, treasure, measure

 

57) wr – [ r ] ( в начале слова ) – write, wrong, wring, wrist, wrest, wrinkle, wry, writer  

                        

58) kn – [ n ] – knife, knight, know, knot, knee, knock, knap, knag, kneel, knick

 

59) gn – [ n ] – gnaw, gnome, campaign, poignant, gnat, foreign, cognac, design, sign

60) mb, mn – [ m ] – thumb, comb, bomb, climb, lamb, autumn, damn, hymn, crumb

 

61) bt – [ t ] – debt, doubt, subtle, debtor

 

62)  sten – [ sn ] – fasten, listen, christen, glisten, chasten, hasten, moisten

 

63)  stle – [ sl ] -  castle, wrestle, whistle, apostle, jostle, bustle, nestle, pestle

 

64)  ften – [ fn ] – often, soften

Test yourself

 

1) Прочтите слова и объясните правила чтения буквы   Aa:

   [ ei ] – name, take, date, same, wave, able, table, stable, say, may, wait, paint, rain,

             again, prevail

   [ æ ] – man, has, hand, stand, angle, mass, sat, damp, latter, matter, began

   [ a: ] – art, far, farm, dark, part, after, draft, plant, ask, task, fast, last, bath, path,

              father, alarm

  [ eə ] – dare, fare, stare, rare, air, pair, stairs, fair, parents, compare, prepare

           – pause, author, August, law, draw, all, wall, fall, talk, walk, also, always,

              almost, because, install

2)  Прочтите слова и объясните правила чтения буквы  Ee:

[ i: ] – we, these, even, meter, recent, complete, treat, each, means, cease, clean, feet,

          freeze, deep, needle, sheet, speed, teacher, steamer, easy, season, ceiling, receive,

          increase, degree, between, proceed, repeat

 [ e ] – left, melt, shelf, desk, length, depth, then, well, bench, else, help, second, pencil,

           plenty, direct, depend, effect, suggest, head, bread, spread, heavy, weather,

           weapon, ready, already, leather

[ 3: ] – her, term, serve, person, certain, thermal, vertical, mercury, inert, reserve,

           determine, convert, earth, heard, learn, early, research

[ iə ] – here, sere, mere, near, shear, clear, tear, cheer, steer, zero, serious, period,

           career, appear, severe, engineer

[ ei ] – they, grey, great, eight, weight, freight, convey, obey, prey

[ ju: , u: ] – new, few, newspaper, sew, nephew, crew, screw, flew, blew, jewel

3) Прочтите слова и объясните правила чтения буквы I i :

[ ai ] – slide, rise, mile, lie, prize, strike, giant, mines, vital, crisis, decide, precise,

              surprise, find, kind, behind, child, mild, high, light

 [ i ] – inch, pick, since, switch, thin, middle, simple, silver, consist, until, resist

 [ 3: ] – first, third, circle, firm, birth, dirty, circular  

 [ aiə  ] – fire, wire, tire, spire, hire, tired, spiral, desire, admire, via, dial, trial, violet

 [ i: ] – field, brief, piece, chief, achieve, believe, niece

4)  Прочтите слова и объясните правила чтения буквы O o :

         – no, so, note, stone, close, over, oval, solar, moment, total, local, compose, remote,

            devote, load, coal, road, coat, show, grow, low, own, slow, follow, window,

            narrow, below, cold, gold

  [   ] – not, job, clock, box, bottle, bronze, office, possible, common, constant, copper,

            doctor, solve, problem, revolve, geometry

 [ 3: ] – work, word, world, worst, worth, worm, worker

         – force, form, short, born, order, orbit, border, porous, formula, ordinary,   

            inform, report, support, ore, more, pore, shore, before, door, floor, your, pour,

            course, ought, thought, brought, fought

        – boil, point, noise, joint, boy, poison, loyal, appoint, exploit

         –  round, pound, ground, sound, outer, thousand, without, mountain, about,

             amount, around, account, now, brown, down, allow

         – our, hour, sour, flower, tower, power, shower

[ Λ ] – some, front, month, other, ton, comfort, wonder, among, become, discover,

           another, above, comfort, country, rough, tough, enough

[ u: ] – moon, tool, soon, cool, choose, lose, move, improve, group, soup

        – book, look, took, shook, should, would, could

5) Прочтите слова и объясните правила чтения буквы U u :

[ ju: , u: ] – tube, due, cube, use, unit, rule, blue, true, suit, fruit, future, union,

                   university, produce, include, resume

[ Λ ] – up, cut, plus, ultra, judge, hundred, current, structure, subject, upper, sudden,

          conduct, construct, discuss, result

[ u ] – put, pull, full, push, bush

[ 3: ] – fur, turn, burn, further, furnish, surface, turner, furniture, furnace, return

[       ,       ] – pure, cure, fuel, durable, during, surely, curious

6) Прочтите слова и объясните правила чтения буквы Y y:

[ ai ] – my, by, try, fly, type, unify, occupy, multiply, rely, supply

[ i ] – symbol, system, crystal, vary, plenty, party, easy, energy, navy, carry, ordinary

 [ j ] – yet, yes, yard, you, year, young, yellow, yield, yesterday, beyond