Конспект
открытого урока по дисциплине «Зарубежная литература и литература стран
изучаемого языка»
Преподаватель: Челапка Е.В.
Группа: А-4
лингвистического отделения.
Тема урока: Роль литературы в
культуре Америки. Творчество Марка Твена.
Цель урока:
- развитие
коммуникативной социокультурной компетенции учащихся в плане формирования
знаний, навыков и умений в области изучения зарубежной литературы, а так же специфики
развития культуры после промышленной революции в Америке.
Задачи урока:
Образовательные (познавательные) задачи
урока.
1) Расширение
эрудиции, знакомство с особенностями, культурным изменениями эпохи промышленной
революции.
2) Формирование
иноязычного речевого поведения.
Воспитательные задачи урока.
1) Воспитание
культуры языкового общения в социально-культурной сфере.
2) Развитие
навыков выступления перед аудиторией, совместная работа в группах.
3) Создание
атмосферы здорового соперничества, дружеской поддержки, взаимопонимания и
взаимовыручки.
4) Сознательное
формирование взглядов, ценностей чувств, нравственных и эстетических навыков.
5) Воспитание
культуры общения, взаимодействия в малой группе.
6)Воспитание
уважения к культурному и литературному наследию страны изучаемого языка.
Развивающие задачи урока.
1) Развитие и
активизация интеллектуального потенциала учащихся, их творческой активности
через совместную подготовку проведения урока
2) Развитие
лингвистического мышления, логического мышления.
3) Развитие
познавательного интереса к изучаемой теме и предмету.
4) Развитие
памяти, логического мышления, творческих способностей студентов.
Оборудование: электронный
словарь Lingvo 12, мультимедиа
проектор, презентации студентов.
Литература
и использованные ресурсы: Электронная энциклопедия Encarta, интернет-ресурсы:
www. Lingva-leo.com. Fishkin, Shelley
Fisher. (1995) PBS’s Huck Finn Teacher’s Guide. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/cultureshock/teachers/huck/essay.htm
MacDonnell, Kevin. (2005) Collecting
Mark Twain: A History and Three New Paths. Antiquarian Booksellers’
Association of America. http://www.abaa.org/books/abaa/news_fly?code=53
Merriman C.D. (2006) Mark Twain. http://www.online-literature.com/twain/
The Mark Twain House (2004). Mark
Twain: The Man. http://www.marktwainhouse.org/theman/bio.shtml
Ход
урока
Этапы урока
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Содержание урока
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I.
Создание атмосферы иноязычного
общения.
1) Орг.
момент.
2) Речевая
зарядка.
просмотр
видео
(Quiz
about the Industrial Revolution)
2.
Проверка домашнего задания
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Good morning students!
I’m glad to see you here.
I suggest you today an
enjoyable journey to the epoch of the American realism in literature. As you
already know that realism has a close connection with the industrial
revolution.
Let’s revise the
information about the industrial revolution and answer the questions of the
quiz.
Let’s play my quiz:
1)
Early roads were covered with stone and gravel and
people demanded cheaper forms of transportation. From 1825 the great time of
_____ began:
a)
Railroads b) airplanes
c) canals.
2)
People moved to _____ to support their families?
a) Europe
b) the big cities the country side
3)
The U.S. economy became more focused on _______?
a)
Factory production b) agriculture c) farming
4)
America was shifting into higher gear and readers
wanted writers who clearly wrote about?
a)
Adventures b) love c) rural life d) the
complexities of their human experiences
5)
America was leaping into a new modern age and people
feared that _______?
a)
local traditions would be forgotten b) slavery
wouldn’t be abolished c) mass production would substitute farming
6)
The realists who got their fame at the end of the
19th century were _____?
a)
Ernest Hemingway b) William Dean Howells c) Samuel
Langhorne Clemens
Thanks for your answers and let’s sum up the
information about American realism and remarkable changes the occurred at the
end of the nineteen century. What do you know about these changes.
Discussing the
subject : The industrial revolution that took
place at the end of the 19th century changed America in
remarkable ways. People left rural homes for opportunities in urban cities.
With the development of new machinery and equipment, the U.S. economy became
more focused on factory production; Americans did not have to chiefly rely on
farming and agriculture to support their families. At the same time,
immigrants from all over the world crowded into tenements to take advantage
of new urban opportunities. In the end, the sweeping economic, social, and
political changes that took place in post-war life allowed American Realism
to prevail.
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II.
Показ
функционирования и использования усваимого материала.
1.
Знакомство с теорией реализма в
литературе
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What is realism?
Realism is the theory of writing in which familiar aspects
of contemporary life and everyday scenes are represented
in a straightforward or matter-of-fact manner. This is the theory that
authors try to use and guide them in their writing; in realist fiction
characters from all social levels are examined in depth. Before this time
characters served some sort of allegorical or symbolic purpose.
Realism
appeared between 1855 and 1916.
The
realism of the 1880s featured the works of Twain, Howells and
James among other writers. American Realists concentrated their writing on
select groups or subjects.
The writing during this
period was also very regional. The industrial revolution called for
standardization, mass production of goods and streamlined channels of
distribution. America was leaping into a new modern age and people feared
that local folkways and traditions would be soon forgotten. Responding to
these sentiments, realistic writers set their stories in specific American
regions, rushing to capture the "local color" before it was lost.
They drew upon the sometimes grim realities of everyday life, showing the
breakdown of traditional values and the growing plight of the new urban poor.
American realists built their plots and characters around people's ordinary,
everyday lives. Additionally, their works contained regional dialects and
extensive dialogue which connected well with the public. As a result, readers
were attracted to the realists because they saw their own struggles in print.
Conversely, the public had little patience for the slow paced narratives,
allegory and symbolism of the romantic writers. America was shifting into
higher gear and readers wanted writers who clearly communicated the
complexities of their human experiences.
The
realist writers hold on to characters and keep examining how these people
relate to each other; open ending is also a good example of the truthful
treatment of material. It is something that might be puzzling to the reader,
but it has a theoretical purpose. It tells the reader that life is complex
and cannot be fully understood; realism focuses on commonness of the lives of
the common people who are customarily ignored by the arts. Realists are
interested in the commonplace, the everyday, the average, the trival, and the
representative; realism emphasizes objectivity and offers an objective rather
than an idealistic view of human nature and human experience; realism
presents moral visions. The author does have a purpose for presenting an
objective account of real life. The moral sense is something that resides in
the author’s purpose.
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2.
Работа с тестом
«Величайший
представитель эпохи реализма М. Твен»
Презентация
(Mark Twain)
|
Samuel Langhorne Clemens (1835 – 1910),
known to the world as Mark Twain, was the son of a small-town lawyer in the
State of Missouri. When the boy was five years old, he was sent to the
school. Little Samuel did not like school but he had many friends and was
their leader. In summer when school was over, the boys spent many happy hours
on the Missouri River.
As
Mark Twain said later, many events in “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” really
took place and the characters were from real life. Tom Sawyer was very often
a portrait of the writer; Huckleberry Finn was his friend, Tom Blankenship;
Aunt Polly was his mother; Tom’s brother Sid was like his own brother Henry.
When
Samuel was eleven years old, his father died leaving nothing to his wife and
for children. Samuel had to leave school and look for work. His elder brother
was working as a printer and he helped the boy to learn printing. For some
years Samuel worked as a printer for the town newspaper and later for his
brother, who at the time had started a small newspaper. The two young people
published it themselves. Samuel wrote short humorous stories and printed them
for their newspaper. In 1853 Samuel decided to leave home. He went first to
St. Louis, then to New York, and to Philadelphia where he worked as a
printer. When Samuel was a boy, he dreamed of becoming a sailor. At twenty he
found a job on a boat travelling up and down the Mississippi, but he had to pay
100 dollars to get the job. On that boat he learned the work of pilot. From
this he got his pen-name “Mark Twain”. The pilot had to know the river very
well when he took a ship along it. The sailors watched the marks and shouted
to the pilot “mark three”, “mark twain”, which means “mark two”. Later the
young man worked with the gold-miners in California for a year. Here he began
to write short stories and humorous sketches about camp life. He sends them
to newspapers under the name of “Mark Twain”.
His
publishers liked his stories and he was invited to work as a journalist for a
newspaper. The many professions that he tried gave Mark Twain knowledge of
life and people and helped him to find his true profession – the profession
of a writer.
In 1870 he married, and a new a happy life began for him. He had one son and
three daughters whom he loved very much and was the happiest man when they
were with him. As a journalist Mark Twain travelled much over the country. He
saw the corruption of the American press and of the American Government which
he later attacked in many of his works (“Running for Governor”, “The Gilded
Age”, 1873).
In
different stories Mark Twain showed race discrimination and false democracy
(“Goldsmith’s Friend Abroad Again”). In the story “A Defence of General
Funston” he criticized the imperialist policy of the American Government.
Chernishevsky said that “American satirical and critical literature began
with Mark Twain”.
In
1876 the writer published “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” and in 1884 – “The
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” – the novels that are now known to children
and grown-ups all over the world. The writer showed boys and girls in the
novels with such sympathy and understanding that readers always see
themselves in these characters. Mark Twain protested against slavery and one
of the main characters in the novel “Huckleberry Finn” is a Negro, Jim, who
is honest, brave and kind.
The
bourgeois critics of that time did not like the books and said the novels
gave a bad example for young people. After this kind of criticism the public
libraries took “Tom” and “Huck” off their shelves.
The
profession of writer did not bring much money to Mark Twain and he had to
give lectures on literature and read his stories to the public. He visited
many countries, and for a long time lived in England. In 1907 the Oxford
University gave Mark Twain an honorary doctorate of letters.
Ernest
Hemingway once wrote: “All modern American literature comes from one book by
Mark Twain called “Huckleberry Finn”.
Words for learning:
Samuel Langhorne
Clemens – Сэмюэл
Ленгхорн Клеменс
pilot
– лоцман
mark
two
– отметка глубины на реке
gold-miner
– золотоискатель
sketch
– очерк, набросок
“Running
for
Governor”
–«Как меня выбирали в губернаторы»
“The Gilded Age” – «Позолоченный
век»
Honorary doctorate of letters
– (звание) почетный
доктор
Филологических наук
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3.
Особенности литературного стиля М.Твена.
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Local Colourism
or regionalism as a trend first made its presence felt in the late 1860s and
early seventies in America. The movement once was so much widespread that it
became as contagious as whooping cough. The social and intellectual climate
of the country provided a stimulating milieu fro the growth of local color
fiction in America. Local colorists concerned themselves with presenting and
interpreting the local character fo their regions. They tended to idealize
and glorify, but they never forgot to keep an eye on the truthful color of
local life.
Naturalism applies
the principles of scientific determinism to fiction. It views human beings as
animals in the natural world responding to environmental forces and internal
stresses and drives, over none of which they have control and none of which
they fully understand. Here are three major concepts of literary naturalism
in the broad abstract way.
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4. Вопросы
на закрепление
(Ответы
на вопросы по всему материалу)
|
Mark
Twain (1835-1910) is a great literary
giant of America, whom H. L. Mencken considered “the true father of our
national literature”.
Ernest Hemingway once
wrote: “All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain
called “Huckleberry Finn”.
Chernishevsky said that
“American satirical and critical literature began with Mark Twain”.
FOCUS:
1. Under
what circumstances does local colorism emerge?
2. What
do local colorists mainly concern?
3. What
is Mark Twain’s contribution to American literature?
4. What
are the major features in American realism?
5. What
are the major features in American local color fiction?
6. What
are the major features in American naturalism?
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III.
Управление тренировкой усваимого
материала
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Your home task is to prepare for the discussion in
groups.
Thank you for your activity.
Good bye!
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